The most abundant essential amino acid in your body and the building block for other amino acids and neurotransmitters like Glutamate and GABA.

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter responsible for 90% of the synaptic connections in the brain.

GABA on the other hand is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neruonal excitability allowing you to stay calmer.

While your body does produce Glutamine naturally, when you're running under extreme conditions your glutamine factory may not be able to keep up with how quickly your body is using it.

Also known as Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter responsible for 90% of the synaptic connections in the brain.

It plays a role in your synaptic plasticity (your brains ability to strengthen connections between neurons) which means it can improve your memory and learning ability.

Gaba can reduce anxiety and has been shown to reduce mental and physical fatigue while when you're performing problem solving tasks. ⁽²⁾

Green Tea extract has been shown to increase working memory and connectivity between different brain regions. ⁽³⁾

It's also been found to benefit exercise performance. One study found that 14 men who consumed green tea extract for four weeks increased their running distance by 10.9%. ⁽⁴⁾

Taking Bacopa Extract daily has been shown to significantly increase the speed of processing visual information, learning speed, and memory. ⁽⁵⁾

Bacopa is also an adaptogenic herb, which means it increases your ability to deal with stress and adapt to change. ⁽⁶⁾

Not only that, it's a powerful antioxidant with evidence that it can reduce oxidative stress in the brain which can improve mental cognition. ⁽⁷⁾

Inositol, sometimes referred to as Vitamin B8 can help balance Seratonin and Dopamine in your brain, two very important neurotransmitters that affect your mood and executive function. ⁽⁸⁾

Tyrosine can significantly improve working memory during demanding tasks which can improve concentration. ⁽⁹⁾

It can also improve cognitive flexability, your ability to switch tasks or thoughts. ⁽¹⁰⁾

What's more, it has also been shown that it can reverse mental decline and improve cognition in short-term, stressful or mentally demanding situations. ⁽¹¹⁾

Rich in polyphenols, Wild Bilberry has been shown to improve episodic memory performance and improve cardiovascular function. ⁽¹²⁾

Research also shows that it can crate a 38-60% reduction in inflammation making it a useful and safe anti-inflammatory! ⁽¹³⁾

This little powerhouse can improve your attention, language processing and both immediate and delayed memory. ⁽¹⁴⁾

It's also been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol oxidation caused by high-fat diets. ^{(15, 16)}

Grapefruit seed extract contains many powerful antioxidants that can protect your body from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. ^{(17, 18)}

It can also prevent memory loss, improve cognitive status, and boost brain antioxidant levels. ^{(19, 20, 21, 22)}

Oleuropein has been shown to reduce the toxic aggregation of both amyloid beta and tau proteins.

The benefits pronounced specifically in the substantia nigra region of the brain; the region most associated with age related neurological degeneration. ⁽²³⁾

Cinnamon contains phytochemicals which boost the brains ability to utilize glucose. This has even been illustrated by the decrease in markers of oxidative stress. ⁽²⁴⁾

It's also been found to prevent tau protein aggregation in the brain, which is one of the precursors to Alzheimer's disease. ⁽²⁵⁾

A component of licorice root Glycyrrhizic acid has been shown to have a neuroprotective affect by reducing oxidation and preventing inflammatory damage to the brain. ^{(26,27,28,29,30)}

An element found usually in leafy green vegetables, Boron is vital to the body's absorption of key vitamins and minerals, and in the maintenance of healthy bones.

It was also found that people who added 3.25 mg of boron to their diets were better at memory and hand-eye coordination tasks than people with low boron levels. ⁽³¹⁾

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid and a primary structural component of the brain and cerebral cortex.

You can find it in salmon, anchovies, mackerel and herring, most of us don't get enough of those in our diet, so we should supplement it like other omega-3 fatty acids.

It helps increase the blood flow in your brain while doing mental tasks which increases attention. ^{(32, 33, 34, 35)}

Another benefit for us athletes, DHA has been shown to decrease muscle soreness after exercise. ^{(36, 37)}

A favorite of of the physically fit.

While no known symptoms result from deficiency of Vanadium Sulphate, athletes and bodybuilders enjoy the extra "fullness" or "pump" in their muscles it gives - it boosts fuel uptake by muscle cells.

It also regulates your blood sugar levels helping you avoid insulin spikes and dips. ⁽³⁸⁾

According to a 2006 report published in Sports Medicine Phosphatidylserine can help boost your capacity for excercise and improve athletic performance.

They also discovered that it may help decrease muscle soreness and keep cortisol levels lower (a stress hormone). ⁽³⁹⁾

It acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor — and works by improving the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Studies show it can improve memory and protect nerve cells, which could slow the cognitive decline. ⁽⁴⁰⁾